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<title>Cloud-native computing</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cloud-native computing</span></span>

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<p><b>Cloud native computing</b> is an approach in <a href="Software_development" title="Software development">software development</a> that utilizes <a href="Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> to "build and run scalable applications in modern, dynamic environments such as <a href="Public_cloud" class="mw-redirect" title="Public cloud">public</a>, <a href="Private_cloud" class="mw-redirect" title="Private cloud">private</a>, and <a href="Hybrid_cloud" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid cloud">hybrid</a> clouds".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These technologies, such as <a href="Container_(virtualization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container (virtualization)">containers</a>, <a href="Microservices" title="Microservices">microservices</a>, <a href="Serverless_computing" title="Serverless computing">serverless</a> functions, cloud native processors and immutable infrastructure, deployed via <a href="Declarative_programming" title="Declarative programming">declarative</a> code are common elements of this architectural style.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cloud native technologies focus on minimizing users' operational burden.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Cloud native techniques "enable loosely coupled systems that are resilient, manageable, and observable. Combined with robust automation, they allow engineers to make high-impact changes frequently and predictably with minimal toil." This independence contributes to the overall resilience of the system, as issues in one area do not necessarily cripple the entire application. Additionally, such systems are easier to manage, and monitor, given their modular nature, which simplifies tracking performance and identifying issues.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Frequently, cloud-native applications are built as a set of microservices that run in <a href="Open_Container_Initiative" title="Open Container Initiative">Open Container Initiative</a> compliant containers, such as <a href="Containerd" class="mw-redirect" title="Containerd">Containerd</a>, and may be <a href="Orchestration_(computing)" title="Orchestration (computing)">orchestrated</a> in <a href="Kubernetes" title="Kubernetes">Kubernetes</a> and managed and deployed using <a href="DevOps" title="DevOps">DevOps</a> and <a href="Git" title="Git">Git</a> <a href="Continuous_integration" title="Continuous integration">CI</a> workflows<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (although there is a large amount of competing <a href="Open_source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source software">open source</a> that supports cloud-native development). The advantage of using <a href="OS-level_virtualisation" class="mw-redirect" title="OS-level virtualisation">containers</a> is the ability to package all software needed to execute into one executable package. The container runs in a virtualized environment, which isolates the contained application from its environment.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Cloud_Native_Computing_Foundation" title="Cloud Native Computing Foundation">Cloud Native Computing Foundation</a></li>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/cncf/toc/blob/master/DEFINITION.md">"CNCF Cloud Native Definition v1.0"</a>. <i>GitHub(CNCF)</i>. 2018-06-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-15</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFrobvet2022" class="citation web cs1">robvet (7 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/architecture/cloud-native/definition">"What is Cloud Native?"</a>. <i>learn.microsoft.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-08</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stackify.com/cloud-native/">"What is Cloud-Native? Is It Hype or the Future of Software Development?"</a>. <i>Stackify</i>. 2018-02-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-29</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerweekly.com/blog/Open-Source-Insider/What-is-cloud-native-computing">"What is cloud native computing? - Open Source Insider"</a>. <i>www.computerweekly.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-29</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCodallo" class="citation web cs1">Codallo, Ana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2022/08/04/building-a-tech-stack-for-wartime-economy-six-things-i-learned/">"Council Post: Building A Tech Stack For Wartime Economy: Six Things I Learned"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-08</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBlog2022" class="citation web cs1">Blog, Elastisys Tech (2022-05-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elastisys.com/cloud-native-why-bother-its-benefits-and-its-greatest-pitfall/">"Cloud Native: why bother, its benefits, and its greatest pitfall"</a>. <i>elastisys</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-08</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jackkrupansky.medium.com/complexity-and-cognitive-overload-are-not-your-friends-3cf6e72f667f">"Complexity and Cognitive Overload Are Not Your Friends"</a>. <i>medium.com</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenewstack.io/3-reasons-why-you-cant-afford-to-ignore-cloud-native-computing/">"3 Reasons Why You Can't Afford to Ignore Cloud Native Computing"</a>. <i>The New Stack</i>. 2019-04-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-29</span></span>.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Cloud_computing413" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Content_as_a_service" title="Content as a service">Content as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_as_a_service" title="Data as a service">Data as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Desktop_as_a_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Desktop as a service">Desktop as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Function_as_a_service" title="Function as a service">Function as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Infrastructure_as_a_service" title="Infrastructure as a service">Infrastructure as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud-based_integration" title="Cloud-based integration">Integration platform as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Backend_as_a_service" title="Backend as a service">Backend as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_as_a_service" title="Network as a service">Network as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Platform_as_a_service" title="Platform as a service">Platform as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_as_a_service" title="Security as a service">Security as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">Software as a service</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cloud_database" title="Cloud database">Cloud database</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_storage" title="Cloud storage">Cloud storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_storage_gateway" title="Cloud storage gateway">Cloud storage gateways</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_center" title="Data center">Data centers</a></li>

<li><a href="Dew_computing" title="Dew computing">Dew computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributed_file_system_for_cloud" title="Distributed file system for cloud">Distributed file system for cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">Hardware virtualization</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_cloud_computing" title="Mobile cloud computing">Mobile cloud computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Native_cloud_application" title="Native cloud application">Native cloud application</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_network" title="Computer network">Networking</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_cloud" title="Personal cloud">Personal cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_computing_security" title="Cloud computing security">Security</a></li>

<li><a href="Serverless_computing" title="Serverless computing">Serverless computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_structured_storage_software" title="Comparison of structured storage software">Structured storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_appliance" title="Virtual appliance">Virtual appliance</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_private_cloud" title="Virtual private cloud">Virtual private cloud</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">Applications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Dropbox" title="Dropbox">Dropbox</a></li>

<li><a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a>

<ul><li><a href="Google_Workspace" title="Google Workspace">Workspace</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Drive" title="Google Drive">Drive</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="HP_Cloud" title="HP Cloud">HP Cloud</a> (closed)</li>

<li><a href="IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Office 365</a></li>

<li><a href="OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nextcloud" title="Nextcloud">Nextcloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Owncloud" class="mw-redirect" title="Owncloud">Owncloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Proton_Drive" title="Proton Drive">Proton Drive</a></li>

<li><a href="Rackspace_Technology" title="Rackspace Technology">Rackspace</a></li>

<li><a href="Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a></li>

<li><a href="Seafile" title="Seafile">Seafile</a></li>

<li><a href="PlateSpin" class="mw-redirect" title="PlateSpin">PlateSpin</a></li>

<li><a href="Workday%2C_Inc." title="Workday, Inc.">Workday</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Platform_as_a_service" title="Platform as a service">Platforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alibaba_Cloud" title="Alibaba Cloud">Alibaba Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a></li>

<li><a href="AppScale" title="AppScale">AppScale</a></li>

<li><a href="CloudBolt" title="CloudBolt">CloudBolt</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_Foundry" title="Cloud Foundry">Cloud Foundry</a></li>

<li><a href="Cocaine_(PaaS)" title="Cocaine (PaaS)">Cocaine (PaaS)</a></li>

<li><a href="Engine_Yard" title="Engine Yard">Engine Yard</a></li>

<li><a href="HPE_Helion" title="HPE Helion">Helion</a></li>

<li><a href="Predix_(software)" title="Predix (software)">GE Predix</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_App_Engine" title="Google App Engine">Google App Engine</a></li>

<li><a href="GreenQloud" title="GreenQloud">GreenQloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Heroku" title="Heroku">Heroku</a></li>

<li><a href="IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Inktank_Storage" title="Inktank Storage">Inktank</a></li>

<li><a href="Jelastic" title="Jelastic">Jelastic</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a></li>

<li><a href="MindSphere" title="MindSphere">MindSphere</a></li>

<li><a href="Netlify" title="Netlify">Netlify</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="OutSystems" title="OutSystems">OutSystems</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenQRM" title="OpenQRM">openQRM</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenShift" title="OpenShift">OpenShift</a></li>

<li><a href="PythonAnywhere" title="PythonAnywhere">PythonAnywhere</a></li>

<li><a href="RightScale" title="RightScale">RightScale</a></li>

<li><a href="Scalr" title="Scalr">Scalr</a></li>

<li><a href="Salesforce#Force.com" title="Salesforce">Force.com</a></li>

<li><a href="SAP_BTP" title="SAP BTP">SAP Business Technology Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Splunk" title="Splunk">Splunk</a></li>

<li><a href="Vercel" title="Vercel">Vercel</a></li>

<li><a href="VCloud_Air" title="VCloud Air">vCloud Air</a></li>

<li><a href="WaveMaker" title="WaveMaker">WaveMaker</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Infrastructure_as_a_service" title="Infrastructure as a service">Infrastructure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alibaba_Cloud" title="Alibaba Cloud">Alibaba Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a></li>

<li><a href="Abiquo_Enterprise_Edition" title="Abiquo Enterprise Edition">Abiquo Enterprise Edition</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_CloudStack" title="Apache CloudStack">CloudStack</a></li>

<li><a href="Citrix_Cloud" title="Citrix Cloud">Citrix Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="DigitalOcean" title="DigitalOcean">DigitalOcean</a></li>

<li><a href="EMC_Atmos" title="EMC Atmos">EMC Atmos</a></li>

<li><a href="Eucalyptus_(software)" title="Eucalyptus (software)">Eucalyptus</a></li>

<li><a href="FUJITSU_Cloud_IaaS_Trusted_Public_S5" title="FUJITSU Cloud IaaS Trusted Public S5">Fujitsu</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Google Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="GreenButton" title="GreenButton">GreenButton</a></li>

<li><a href="GreenQloud" title="GreenQloud">GreenQloud</a></li>

<li><a href="IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Iland" title="Iland">iland</a></li>

<li><a href="Joyent" title="Joyent">Joyent</a></li>

<li><a href="Linode" title="Linode">Linode</a></li>

<li><a href="Lunacloud" title="Lunacloud">Lunacloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a></li>

<li><a href="Mirantis" title="Mirantis">Mirantis</a></li>

<li><a href="Netlify" title="Netlify">Netlify</a></li>

<li><a href="Nimbula" title="Nimbula">Nimbula</a></li>

<li><a href="Nimbus_(cloud_computing)" title="Nimbus (cloud computing)">Nimbus</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenIO" title="OpenIO">OpenIO</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenNebula" title="OpenNebula">OpenNebula</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenStack" title="OpenStack">OpenStack</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="OrionVM" title="OrionVM">OrionVM</a></li>

<li><a href="Rackspace_Cloud" title="Rackspace Cloud">Rackspace Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Safe_Swiss_Cloud" title="Safe Swiss Cloud">Safe Swiss Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Zadara" title="Zadara">Zadara</a></li>

<li><a href="Libvirt" title="Libvirt">libvirt</a></li>

<li><a href="Libguestfs" title="Libguestfs">libguestfs</a></li>

<li><a href="OVirt" title="OVirt">OVirt</a></li>

<li><a href="Virt-manager" title="Virt-manager">Virtual Machine Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Wakame-vdc" title="Wakame-vdc">Wakame-vdc</a></li>

<li><a href="Vercel" title="Vercel">Vercel</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_Private_Cloud_OnDemand" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual Private Cloud OnDemand">Virtual Private Cloud OnDemand</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cloud_computing" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Cloud computing"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<p><br>

</p>

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